Java 实现常见的非对称加密算法
概述
非对称加密算法与对称加密算法的主要差别在于非对称加密算法用于加密和解密的密钥不相同，非对称加密算法密钥分为公钥和私钥，公钥加密只能用私钥解密，反之私钥加密只能用公钥解密。相比对称加密算法，非对称加密算法加/解密效率低，但安全性高，这两种算法一般结合使用。常见非对称加密算法有RSA、ECC、Elgamal等。
使用RSA实现加密解密
公钥加密，私钥解密。
packagecom.ss.utils;
importjavax.crypto.Cipher;
importjava.security.KeyFactory;
importjava.security.KeyPair;
importjava.security.KeyPairGenerator;
importjava.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
importjava.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
importjava.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
importjava.util.Base64;
importjava.util.HashMap;
importjava.util.Map;
publicclassRsaUtil{
publicstaticfinalStringKEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY="privateKey";
publicstaticfinalStringKEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY="publicKey";
/**
*生成公钥和私钥
*
*@return
*@throwsNoSuchAlgorithmException
*/
publicstaticMapgenerateKey()throwsNoSuchAlgorithmException{
MapresultMap=newHashMap<>();
KeyPairGeneratorkeyPairGenerator=KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
KeyPairkeyPair=keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
Base64.Encoderencoder=Base64.getEncoder();
resultMap.put(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY,encoder.encodeToString(keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded()));
resultMap.put(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY,encoder.encodeToString(keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded()));
returnresultMap;
}
/**
*RSA加密
*@paramkey
*@paramcontent
*@paramkeyType
*@return
*@throwsException
*/
publicstaticStringrsaEncrypt(Stringkey,Stringcontent,StringkeyType)throwsException{
returnrsa(key,content.getBytes(),keyType,Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE);
}
/**
*RSA解密
*@paramkey
*@paramcontent
*@paramkeyType
*@return
*@throwsException
*/
publicstaticStringrsaDecrypt(Stringkey,Stringcontent,StringkeyType)throwsException{
returnrsa(key,Base64.getDecoder().decode(content),keyType,Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE);
}
privatestaticStringrsa(Stringkey,byte[]content,StringkeyType,intmode)throwsException{
Ciphercipher=Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
KeyFactorykeyFactory=KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
if(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY.equals(keyType)){
cipher.init(mode,keyFactory.generatePrivate(newPKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(key))));
}else{
cipher.init(mode,keyFactory.generatePublic(newX509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(key))));
}
byte[]bytes=cipher.doFinal(content);
returnmode==Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE?newString(bytes):Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsException{
Stringcontent="大王叫我来巡山呐";
//生成密钥对
MapkeyMap=generateKey();
System.out.println("私钥："+keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY));
System.out.println("公钥："+keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY));
//私钥加密，公钥解密
StringprivateKeyData=rsaEncrypt(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY),content,KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY);
System.out.println("私钥加密："+privateKeyData);
System.out.println("公钥解密："+rsaDecrypt(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY),privateKeyData,KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY));
//公钥加密，私钥解密
StringpublicKeyData=rsaEncrypt(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY),content,KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY);
System.out.println("公钥加密："+publicKeyData);
System.out.println("私钥解密："+rsaDecrypt(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY),publicKeyData,KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY));
}
}
输出
私钥：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 公钥：MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA0D2Z49Pv7oeYxtP66lbFyi73u8E8Ni1RMHQYZvkj6y6B2G+PuonTXheG1oE6jUbNoX3sKuXMosF7o0/nqqdINXm0i1klFswbJLcp0DIIMW/CMLZxWM5mV+wUgFLna3063u+EbSktJK2GOTwlwhkfxBm21zFb9ZtkufQa5FhCPHP4jkYUQCef6akVv+dXCIpj8fYk2Mf0GQuFbAkYvGawWl3CYRIuGP2MzhYXyEyA+AE4rNGd8sNxVcmysyaNzXsbqXHnOamiwZcLg5GOhODYEKudW4wQlAe/EYFxS3WlbXwbvVa+6UXaq4e7A//5KYonI4iyb5nCxvXoF65B0ZZtkwIDAQAB 私钥加密：V9kG4o3nceI4a19t/V5431v9Ek1PiV3FZokfnRNBor/RBymwDX4rsGNHEYuyN6/sbbD56r3ij5tUpShXFlcHrzVH4IfD4ySbvNNeMs2FrZLF3zvQmwRKDPH6SJ0DEczi5N97Vfh4b2tfyLT8iX3t9LPWgEj5mB7MXiYPc56mza+ZAqDduxWWsm6Emm81uKn97wZnasg8zXlDbhRttVTWhszbDhrFqsgd2sb8ZZUZIuiGTaIg7U6Slc5x9uS3UVACXXVyMCmxiVutQtg3Z4kt80ruh7xO0hl4cWk6P2Tg0ncaIQn/5vKsO2UXr/EsCb2rchWN3ZBHTVyQ83v/EHDtQw== 公钥解密：大王叫我来巡山呐 公钥加密：aartOyClfEIz1JT5nghpTbXxLZEOovm+vwvg+u3Tw8t5LOF+C7Gg/uxUP8Hm5jEkN6JfBHaMWTKg0RQ2xf3CCuXcLIpYVCOUwADwd05E8guEfZBT8FIp8jghCz2j+lAIiTfGZvsK9qUdZEmwTAEjV6uP4avF6njriglGJ4KhcYXEO66tOJWe2nQ1hyYXEHS43h9F0dtlWDjF6Xr6wdmUALnhprHDwKPdT/1T8p7+M5Fz7fUC7TJulBHWCSZvhgl405PvN+iTv7VysBJKRPks1JnmMe6BxFyhxXZfNRHmUyQvTMSfWt/A5gOy8ao/SOwWv0QMSh5NbocSd/tpjn27kw== 私钥解密：大王叫我来巡山呐
使用RSA实现数字签名
私钥签名，公钥验证。
packagecom.ss.utils;
importjava.security.*;
importjava.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
importjava.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
importjava.util.Base64;
importjava.util.HashMap;
importjava.util.Map;
publicclassSignatureUtil{
publicstaticfinalStringKEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY="privateKey";
publicstaticfinalStringKEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY="publicKey";
/**
*生成公钥和私钥
*
*@return
*@throwsNoSuchAlgorithmException
*/
publicstaticMapgenerateKey()throwsNoSuchAlgorithmException{
MapresultMap=newHashMap<>();
KeyPairGeneratorkeyPairGenerator=KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
KeyPairkeyPair=keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
Base64.Encoderencoder=Base64.getEncoder();
resultMap.put(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY,encoder.encodeToString(keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded()));
resultMap.put(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY,encoder.encodeToString(keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded()));
returnresultMap;
}
/**
*私钥签名
*@paramprivateKeyStr
*@paramcontent
*@return
*@throwsException
*/
publicstaticStringgenerateSignature(StringprivateKeyStr,Stringcontent)throwsException{
KeyFactorykeyFactory=KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
Signaturesignature=Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
PrivateKeyprivateKey=keyFactory.generatePrivate(newPKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKeyStr)));
signature.initSign(privateKey);
signature.update(content.getBytes());
returnBase64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signature.sign());
}
/**
*公钥验证
*@parampublicKeyStr
*@paramcontent
*@paramsign
*@return
*@throwsException
*/
publicstaticbooleanverifySignature(StringpublicKeyStr,Stringcontent,Stringsign)throwsException{
KeyFactorykeyFactory=KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
Signaturesignature=Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
PublicKeypublicKey=keyFactory.generatePublic(newX509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKeyStr)));
signature.initVerify(publicKey);
signature.update(content.getBytes());
returnsignature.verify(Base64.getDecoder().decode(sign));
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsException{
Stringcontent="大王叫我来巡山呐";
//生成密钥对
MapkeyMap=generateKey();
//私钥签名
Stringsign=generateSignature(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PRIVATE_KEY),content);
System.out.println("私钥签名："+sign);
//公钥验证
booleanverifyResult=verifySignature(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY),content,sign);
System.out.println("公钥验证："+verifyResult);
//将内容做下修改，再进行公钥验证
booleanverifyResult2=verifySignature(keyMap.get(KEY_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY),content+"啦啦啦啦",sign);
System.out.println("公钥验证："+verifyResult2);
}
}
输出
私钥签名：XDWeOUVZhXNPl58mcmRK8ht9TAhnREc+NlnSs2b6PCJuj29ABuoXsjZeJqSspGw8hm9ckHVSTrUt8pX4BFBFzrINDRBsx3TdLp2L8nMkhjFUfo0qcyZo8ReEGFCNr0ergkq2W1Me/5W40GrQz4cJcQ4KV/QWzD8YHWcnDvKg9Q0nXJSngyhJTzUB8o/pgo/tmkA9+bWW212UD9nzEXu5aoPEcYyoo3iFWRX5o9Jgg6ZF+exmWizwZHkg4eD1zC5IN3m4yRS6GRbnZInEuDsOMp9W7HouDLUirkFZiSkyW+DVto+L6CE5eNBrWC52zxiNkVBlkyYKOatSpcrQrtnyiQ== 公钥验证：true 公钥验证：false
以上就是Java实现常见的非对称加密算法的详细内容，更多关于Java非对称加密算法的资料请关注毛票票其它相关文章！