Spring框架依赖注入方法示例

2023-09-20 14:23:05 122

在阅读这篇文章之前，大家可以先参阅《理解Spring中的依赖注入和控制反转》一文，了解下依赖注入和控制反转的相关内容。

三种依赖注入的方式

属性注入，通过setter方法注入bean的属性值或依赖的对象构造注入工厂方法注入（很少使用）
例子

这里我们使用了spring-4.3.2，maven配置文件


org.springframework
spring-core
${org.springframework-version}


commons-logging
commons-logging




org.springframework
spring-beans
${org.springframework-version}


org.springframework
spring-aop
${org.springframework-version}


org.springframework
spring-context
${org.springframework-version}


commons-logging
commons-logging
1.2



junit
junit
3.8.1
test

applicationContext.xml配置文件

















]]>




















































root
1234
jdbc:mysql://test
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

1.下面是简单的属性注入、构造注入的测试类

Car.java

packagecom.spring.test;
publicclassCar{
	privateStringname;
	privateintmaxSpeed;
	privatedoubleprice;
	publicCar(){
	}
	publicCar(Stringname,doubleprice){
		this.name=name;
		this.price=price;
	}
	publicCar(Stringname,intmaxSpeed){
		this.name=name;
		this.maxSpeed=maxSpeed;
	}
	publicCar(Stringname,doubleprice,intmaxSpeed){
		this.name=name;
		this.price=price;
		this.maxSpeed=maxSpeed;
	}
	publicvoidsetPrice(doubleprice){
		this.price=price;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"Car[name:"+name+",price:"+price+",maxSpeed:"+maxSpeed+"]";
	}
}

HelloWorld.java

packagecom.spring.test;
publicclassHelloWorld{
	privateStringname;
	publicHelloWorld(){
		System.out.println("HelloWorldconstructor...");
	}
	publicStringgetName(){
		returnname;
	}
	publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
		System.out.println("setName:"+name);
		this.name=name;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"hello,"+name;
	}
}

Person.java

packagecom.spring.test;
publicclassPerson{
	privateStringname;
	privateintage;
	privateCarcar;
	publicStringgetName(){
		returnname;
	}
	publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
		this.name=name;
	}
	publicintgetAge(){
		returnage;
	}
	publicvoidsetAge(intage){
		this.age=age;
	}
	publicCargetCar(){
		returncar;
	}
	publicvoidsetCar(Carcar){
		this.car=car;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"Person:[name="+name+",age="+age+",car="+car+"]";
	}
}

Main.java

packagecom.spring.test;
importorg.junit.Test;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassMain{
	publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
		HelloWorldhello=newHelloWorld();
		hello.setName("barry");
		System.out.println("print:"+hello+"\n");
		//装入Spring配置文件
		/**
*装入Spring配置文件
*ApplicationContext是IOC容器，它有两个主要实现类（ClassPathXmlApplicationContext和FileSystemXmlApplicationContext）
*ApplicationContext在初始化上下文时就实例化所有单例的Bean
*/
		ApplicationContextcontext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//HelloWorldhello1=(HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorld");//通过id获取bean对象
		HelloWorldhello1=context.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
		//通过类型获取bean对象（要求在IOC容器里该类型的对象只能有一个）
		System.out.println(hello1);
	}
	@Test
	publicvoidtestContructor(){
		ApplicationContextcontext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Carcar=(Car)context.getBean("car");
		//通过类型获取bean对象（要求在IOC容器里该类型的对象只能有一个）
		Carcar1=(Car)context.getBean("car1");
		System.out.println(car);
		System.out.println(car1);
		Personperson=(Person)context.getBean("person");
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

2.下面是集合的测试类
NewPerson.java

packagecom.spring.test.collections;
importjava.util.Map;
importcom.spring.test.Car;
publicclassNewPerson{
	privateStringname;
	privateintage;
	privateMapcars;
	publicStringgetName(){
		returnname;
	}
	publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
		this.name=name;
	}
	publicintgetAge(){
		returnage;
	}
	publicvoidsetAge(intage){
		this.age=age;
	}
	publicMapgetCars(){
		returncars;
	}
	publicvoidsetCars(Mapcars){
		this.cars=cars;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"Person:[name="+name+",age="+age+",cars="+cars+"]";
	}
}

Person.java

packagecom.spring.test.collections;
importjava.util.List;
importcom.spring.test.Car;
publicclassPerson{
	privateStringname;
	privateintage;
	privateListcars;
	publicStringgetName(){
		returnname;
	}
	publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
		this.name=name;
	}
	publicintgetAge(){
		returnage;
	}
	publicvoidsetAge(intage){
		this.age=age;
	}
	publicListgetCars(){
		returncars;
	}
	publicvoidsetCars(Listcars){
		this.cars=cars;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"Person:[name="+name+",age="+age+",cars="+cars+"]";
	}
}

DataSource.java

packagecom.spring.test.collections;
importjava.util.Properties;
publicclassDataSource{
	privatePropertiesproperties;
	publicPropertiesgetProperties(){
		returnproperties;
	}
	publicvoidsetProperties(Propertiesproperties){
		this.properties=properties;
	}
	@Override
	publicStringtoString(){
		return"DataSource:[properties:"+properties+"]";
	}
}

Main.java

packagecom.spring.test.collections;
importorg.junit.Test;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassMain{
	@Test
	publicvoidtestCollections(){
		ApplicationContextcontext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Personperson=(Person)context.getBean("person3");
		System.out.println(person);
		NewPersonnewPerson=(NewPerson)context.getBean("newPerson");
		System.out.println(newPerson);
		DataSourcedataSource=(DataSource)context.getBean("dataSource");
		System.out.println(dataSource);
		Personperson4=(Person)context.getBean("person4");
		System.out.println(person4);
		Personperson5=(Person)context.getBean("person5");
		System.out.println(person5);
	}
}

总结

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Spring框架依赖注入方法示例

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