详解C# Socket异步通信实例
TCPServer
1、使用的通讯通道：socket
2、用到的基本功能：
①Bind,
②Listen,
③BeginAccept
④EndAccept
⑤BeginReceive
⑥EndReceive
3、函数参数说明
Socketlistener=newSocket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
新建socket所使用的参数均为系统预定义的量，直接选取使用。
listener.Bind(localEndPoint);
localEndPoint表示一个定义完整的终端，包括IP和端口信息。
//newIPEndPoint(IPAddress,port)
//IPAdress.Parse("192.168.1.3")
listener.Listen(100);
监听
listener.BeginAccept( newAsyncCallback(AcceptCallback), listener);
AsyncCallback(AcceptCallback),一旦连接上后的回调函数为AcceptCallback。当系统调用这个函数时，自动赋予的输入参数为IAsyncResoult类型变量ar。
listener，连接行为的容器。
Sockethandler=listener.EndAccept(ar);
完成连接，返回此时的socket通道。
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,0,StateObject.BufferSize,0, newAsyncCallback(ReadCallback),state);
接收的字节，0，字节长度，0，接收时调用的回调函数，接收行为的容器。
========
容器的结构类型为：
publicclassStateObject
{
//Clientsocket.
publicSocketworkSocket=null;
//Sizeofreceivebuffer.
publicconstintBufferSize=1024;
//Receivebuffer.
publicbyte[]buffer=newbyte[BufferSize];
//Receiveddatastring.
publicStringBuildersb=newStringBuilder();
}
容器至少为一个socket类型。
===============
//Readdatafromtheclientsocket. intbytesRead=handler.EndReceive(ar);
完成一次连接。数据存储在state.buffer里，bytesRead为读取的长度。
handler.BeginSend(byteData,0,byteData.Length,0, newAsyncCallback(SendCallback),handler);
发送数据byteData，回调函数SendCallback。容器handler
intbytesSent=handler.EndSend(ar);
发送完毕，bytesSent发送字节数。
4程序结构
主程序：
byte[]bytes=newByte[1024];
IPAddressipAddress=IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.104");
IPEndPointlocalEndPoint=newIPEndPoint(ipAddress,11000);
//生成一个TCP的socket
Socketlistener=newSocket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
listener.Bind(localEndPoint);
listener.Listen(100);
while(true)
{
//Settheeventtononsignaledstate.
allDone.Reset();
//开启异步监听socket
Console.WriteLine("Waitingforaconnection");
listener.BeginAccept(
newAsyncCallback(AcceptCallback),
listener);
//让程序等待，直到连接任务完成。在AcceptCallback里的适当位置放置allDone.Set()语句.
allDone.WaitOne();
}
Console.WriteLine("\nPressENTERtocontinue");
Console.Read();
连接行为回调函数AcceptCallback：
publicstaticvoidAcceptCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
//添加此命令，让主线程继续.
allDone.Set();
//获取客户请求的socket
Socketlistener=(Socket)ar.AsyncState;
Sockethandler=listener.EndAccept(ar);
//造一个容器，并用于接收命令.
StateObjectstate=newStateObject();
state.workSocket=handler;
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,0,StateObject.BufferSize,0,
newAsyncCallback(ReadCallback),state);
}
读取行为的回调函数ReadCallback:
publicstaticvoidReadCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
Stringcontent=String.Empty;
//从异步state对象中获取state和socket对象.
StateObjectstate=(StateObject)ar.AsyncState;
Sockethandler=state.workSocket;
//从客户socket读取数据.
intbytesRead=handler.EndReceive(ar);
if(bytesRead>0)
{
//如果接收到数据，则存起来
state.sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(state.buffer,0,bytesRead));
//检查是否有结束标记，如果没有则继续读取
content=state.sb.ToString();
if(content.IndexOf("<EOF>")>-1)
{
//所有数据读取完毕.
Console.WriteLine("Read{0}bytesfromsocket.\nData:{1}",
content.Length,content);
//给客户端响应.
Send(handler,content);
}
else
{
//接收未完成，继续接收.
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,0,StateObject.BufferSize,0,
newAsyncCallback(ReadCallback),state);
}
}
}
发送消息给客户端：
privatestaticvoidSend(Sockethandler,Stringdata)
{
//消息格式转换.
byte[]byteData=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
//开始发送数据给远程目标.
handler.BeginSend(byteData,0,byteData.Length,0,
newAsyncCallback(SendCallback),handler);
}
privatestaticvoidSendCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
//从state对象获取socket.
Sockethandler=(Socket)ar.AsyncState;
//完成数据发送
intbytesSent=handler.EndSend(ar);
Console.WriteLine("Sent{0}bytestoclient.",bytesSent);
handler.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
handler.Close();
}
在各种行为的回调函数中，所对应的socket都从输入参数的AsyncState属性获得。使用（Socket）或者（StateObject）进行强制转换。BeginReceive函数使用的容器为state，因为它需要存放传送的数据。
而其余接收或发送函数的容器为socket也可。
完整代码
usingSystem;
usingSystem.Net;
usingSystem.Net.Sockets;
usingSystem.Text;
usingSystem.Threading;
//Stateobjectforreadingclientdataasynchronously
publicclassStateObject
{
//Clientsocket.
publicSocketworkSocket=null;
//Sizeofreceivebuffer.
publicconstintBufferSize=;
//Receivebuffer.
publicbyte[]buffer=newbyte[BufferSize];
//Receiveddatastring.
publicStringBuildersb=newStringBuilder();
}
publicclassAsynchronousSocketListener
{
//Threadsignal.
publicstaticManualResetEventallDone=newManualResetEvent(false);
publicAsynchronousSocketListener()
{
}
publicstaticvoidStartListening()
{
//Databufferforincomingdata.
byte[]bytes=newByte[];
//Establishthelocalendpointforthesocket.
//TheDNSnameofthecomputer
//runningthelisteneris"host.contoso.com".
//IPHostEntryipHostInfo=Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName());
IPAddressipAddress=IPAddress.Parse("...");
IPEndPointlocalEndPoint=newIPEndPoint(ipAddress,);
//CreateaTCP/IPsocket.
Socketlistener=newSocket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
//Bindthesockettothelocalendpointandlistenforincomingconnections.
try
{
listener.Bind(localEndPoint);
listener.Listen();
while(true)
{
//Settheeventtononsignaledstate.
allDone.Reset();
//Startanasynchronoussockettolistenforconnections.
Console.WriteLine("Waitingforaconnection");
listener.BeginAccept(
newAsyncCallback(AcceptCallback),
listener);
//Waituntilaconnectionismadebeforecontinuing.
allDone.WaitOne();
}
}
catch(Exceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
Console.WriteLine("\nPressENTERtocontinue");
Console.Read();
}
publicstaticvoidAcceptCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
//Signalthemainthreadtocontinue.
allDone.Set();
//Getthesocketthathandlestheclientrequest.
Socketlistener=(Socket)ar.AsyncState;
Sockethandler=listener.EndAccept(ar);
//Createthestateobject.
StateObjectstate=newStateObject();
state.workSocket=handler;
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,,StateObject.BufferSize,,newAsyncCallback(ReadCallback),state);
}
publicstaticvoidReadCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
Stringcontent=String.Empty;
//Retrievethestateobjectandthehandlersocket
//fromtheasynchronousstateobject.
StateObjectstate=(StateObject)ar.AsyncState;
Sockethandler=state.workSocket;
//Readdatafromtheclientsocket.
intbytesRead=handler.EndReceive(ar);
if(bytesRead>)
{
//Theremightbemoredata,sostorethedatareceivedsofar.
state.sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(
state.buffer,,bytesRead));
//Checkforend-of-filetag.Ifitisnotthere,read
//moredata.
content=state.sb.ToString();
if(content.IndexOf("<EOF>")>-)
{
//Allthedatahasbeenreadfromthe
//client.Displayitontheconsole.
Console.WriteLine("Read{}bytesfromsocket.\nData:{}",content.Length,content);
//Echothedatabacktotheclient.
Send(handler,content);
}
else
{
//Notalldatareceived.Getmore.
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer,,StateObject.BufferSize,,newAsyncCallback(ReadCallback),state);
}
}
}
privatestaticvoidSend(Sockethandler,Stringdata)
{
//ConvertthestringdatatobytedatausingASCIIencoding.
byte[]byteData=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
//Beginsendingthedatatotheremotedevice.
handler.BeginSend(byteData,,byteData.Length,,
newAsyncCallback(SendCallback),handler);
}
privatestaticvoidSendCallback(IAsyncResultar)
{
try
{
//Retrievethesocketfromthestateobject.
Sockethandler=(Socket)ar.AsyncState;
//Completesendingthedatatotheremotedevice.
intbytesSent=handler.EndSend(ar);
Console.WriteLine("Sent{}bytestoclient.",bytesSent);
handler.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
handler.Close();
}
catch(Exceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
}
publicstaticintMain(String[]args)
{
StartListening();
return;
}
}
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