实例讲解Java并发编程之ThreadLocal类
ThreadLocal类可以理解为ThreadLocalVariable(线程局部变量),提供了get与set等访问接口或方法,这些方法为每个使用该变量的线程都存有一份独立的副本,因此get总是返回当前执行线程在调用set时设置的最新值。可以将ThreadLocal<T>视为包含了Map<Thread,T>对象,保存了特定于该线程的值。
概括起来说,对于多线程资源共享的问题,同步机制采用了“以时间换空间”的方式,而ThreadLocal采用了“以空间换时间”的方式。前者仅提供一份变量,让不同的线程排队访问,而后者为每一个线程都提供了一份变量,因此可以同时访问而互不影响。
模拟ThreadLocal
importjava.util.Collections; importjava.util.HashMap; importjava.util.Map; publicclassSimpleThreadLocal<T>{ privateMap<Thread,T>valueMap=Collections .synchronizedMap(newHashMap<Thread,T>()); publicvoidset(TnewValue){ valueMap.put(Thread.currentThread(),newValue);//①键为线程对象,值为本线程的变量副本 } publicTget(){ ThreadcurrentThread=Thread.currentThread(); To=valueMap.get(currentThread);//②返回本线程对应的变量 if(o==null&&!valueMap.containsKey(currentThread)){//③如果在Map中不存在,放到Map中保存起来。 o=initialValue(); valueMap.put(currentThread,o); } returno; } publicvoidremove(){ valueMap.remove(Thread.currentThread()); } protectedTinitialValue(){ returnnull; } }
实用ThreadLocal
classCount{ privateSimpleThreadLocal<Integer>count=newSimpleThreadLocal<Integer>(){ @Override protectedIntegerinitialValue(){ return0; } }; publicIntegerincrease(){ count.set(count.get()+1); returncount.get(); } } classTestThreadimplementsRunnable{ privateCountcount; publicTestThread(Countcount){ this.count=count; } @Override publicvoidrun(){ //TODOAuto-generatedmethodstub for(inti=1;i<=3;i++){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i +"th\t"+count.increase()); } } } publicclassTestThreadLocal{ publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ Countcount=newCount(); Threadt1=newThread(newTestThread(count)); Threadt2=newThread(newTestThread(count)); Threadt3=newThread(newTestThread(count)); Threadt4=newThread(newTestThread(count)); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); t4.start(); } }
输出
Thread-0 1th 1 Thread-0 2th 2 Thread-0 3th 3 Thread-3 1th 1 Thread-1 1th 1 Thread-1 2th 2 Thread-2 1th 1 Thread-1 3th 3 Thread-3 2th 2 Thread-3 3th 3 Thread-2 2th 2 Thread-2 3th 3